Who works on safety
Around 1,100 people worldwide work full-time on making AI safe. Six companies that build AI employ 18,657 people between them.
On safety, worldwide 1,100
At six AI companies 18,657
Each square is a hundred people.
Not everyone at those companies builds models. They also employ salespeople, lawyers and some of the safety people themselves. I leave out Meta, Microsoft, Alibaba and the other tech giants, because their AI divisions are not counted separately. Adding them would only widen the gap. The figure of 1,100 is an estimate by Stephen McAleese. The careers organisation 80,000 Hours thinks it is closer to a few thousand. According to Bloomberg and Glass.ai, 373 people work full-time on safety at OpenAI, Google DeepMind, Anthropic and xAI combined.
Where they are
Pick a city on the map.
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By country
Argentina 1
- Buenos Aires AI Safety Hub (BAISH)Training · Buenos Aires
AI safety hub running courses, workshops and the AISAR research scholarship.
Australia 3
- Australian AI Safety InstituteGovernment · Canberra · 2025
Government branch monitoring and testing advanced AI capabilities, risks and harms.
- Good Ancestors PolicyPolicy · Melbourne
Australian charity doing policy work on AI safety and other catastrophic risks.
- Gradient InstituteResearch · Sydney · 2018
Independent nonprofit doing science-based research on safe and responsible AI.
Belgium 5
- Centre for Future Generations (CFG)Policy · Brussels
Brussels think tank on governing emerging technologies, including advanced AI.
- EA BelgiumTraining · Brussels
Effective altruism community (Brussels, Ghent, Leuven) that also hosts AI safety meetups.
- EU AI OfficeGovernment · Brussels · 2024
European Commission body enforcing AI Act rules for general-purpose AI models.
- KU Leuven AI Safety LabResearch · Leuven · 2026
New FLI-funded lab on slowing the AGI race and democratic control of AI firms.
- The Future SocietyPolicy · Brussels
Nonprofit working on AI governance policy in the EU, US and internationally.
Brazil 1
- AI Safety BrazilTraining
Brazilian community covering AI safety from bias to catastrophic risk.
Canada 4
- AI Governance & Safety Canada (AIGS)Policy · Ottawa
Canadian nonprofit advocating for AI safety policy and public awareness.
- Canadian AI Safety Institute (CAISI)Government · Ottawa · 2024
Federal institute funding and coordinating research on risks of advanced AI.
- LawZeroResearch · Montreal · 2025
Yoshua Bengio's nonprofit building safe-by-design, non-agentic 'Scientist AI'.
- Trajectory LabsTraining · Toronto
Toronto hub building a local community to steer AI toward human flourishing.
China 3
- Beijing Institute of AI Safety and Governance (Beijing-AISI)Research · Beijing
Beijing research institute on frontier AI safety and governance.
- China AI Safety and Development Association (CnAISDA)Government · Beijing · 2025
Network of Chinese institutions acting as China's AISI counterpart internationally.
- Concordia AIPolicy · Beijing
Social enterprise advancing AI safety and governance in China and internationally.
Czechia 1
- ACS Research GroupResearch · Prague
Research group studying alignment of complex systems of humans and AI.
Denmark 1
- Apart ResearchTraining · Copenhagen · 2022
Runs global AI safety research sprints, hackathons and mentored research programmes.
France 5
- CeSIA (Centre pour la Sécurité de l'IA)Policy · Paris
Paris centre advising the EU, OECD and French institutions on AI risk.
- INESIA (French national AI evaluation and security institute)Government · Paris · 2025
French national institute coordinating AI evaluation and security across ANSSI, Inria, LNE, PEReN.
- PauseIA (PauseAI France)Campaigns · Paris
French PauseAI chapter campaigning for a pause, with its own paid staff.
- PRISM EvalTesting · Paris
Paris startup testing AI model robustness through automated red-teaming.
- SaferAIPolicy · Paris
Develops AI risk-management standards and rates AI companies' risk practices.
Germany 2
- KIRA (Center for AI Risks & Impacts)Policy · Berlin
Think tank on AI risks and impacts, focused on European policy.
- PauseAI Deutschland e.V.Campaigns
German PauseAI association informing the public and politicians about AI risks.
India 1
- IndiaAI Safety InstituteGovernment · New Delhi · 2025
Hub-and-spoke institute under the IndiaAI Mission coordinating India-specific AI safety research.
International 2
- AI Safety Asia (AISA)Policy
Builds AI safety governance and diplomacy capacity across Asian countries.
- ENAIS (European Network for AI Safety)Training · 2023
Pan-European network connecting and seeding national AI safety communities.
Israel 1
- National AI Resilience Lab (Ben-Gurion University)Research · Be'er Sheva
University lab researching AI security vulnerabilities and robustness against attacks.
Japan 2
- ALIGN (AI Alignment Network)Training · Tokyo
Japanese network promoting AI alignment research through symposia and study groups.
- Japan AI Safety Institute (J-AISI)Government · Tokyo · 2024
Japanese government institute for AI safety evaluation methods and standards.
Kenya 2
- Equiano InstituteResearch · Nairobi
Research lab on AI safety, alignment and governance for Africa and the Global South.
- ILINA ProgramTraining · Nairobi · 2022
African-led organisation advancing AI safety through research, policy work and fellowships.
Mexico 1
- AI Safety MexicoTraining
Mexican group doing AI safety research, courses and governance projects like VIGÍA.
Netherlands 3
- Existential Risk ObservatoryCampaigns · Amsterdam
Informs the public and policymakers about existential risk, especially from AI.
- PauseAI Global (Stichting PauseAI)Campaigns · Zeist · 2023
Coordinates an international movement campaigning for a pause on frontier AI development.
- Safe AI Netherlands (SAIN, formerly AISIG Groningen)Training · Groningen
Dutch nonprofit with Groningen, Amsterdam and Utrecht chapters for AI safety education.
Nigeria 1
- AI Safety NigeriaTraining · Abuja
Builds AI safety expertise, research and policy engagement in Nigeria.
Singapore 2
- AI Verify FoundationPolicy · Singapore
IMDA-backed foundation developing open-source AI testing tools and standards.
- Singapore AI Safety InstituteGovernment · Singapore · 2024
Singapore's AI safety institute researching evaluation and safety science.
South Africa 1
- Cape Institute for Safe AI (AI Safety South Africa)Training · Cape Town
South African hub running AI safety fellowships, courses and a research lab.
South Korea 1
- Korea AI Safety InstituteGovernment · Seongnam (Pangyo) · 2024
ETRI-based institute doing AI safety evaluation, policy and technical research.
Spain 1
- Observatorio de Riesgos Catastróficos Globales (ORCG)Policy · Madrid
Spanish-language research on global catastrophic risks, including AI, focused on Latin America.
Switzerland 4
- AI Safety ZurichTraining · Zurich
Zurich community running AI safety courses and events.
- Pour DemainPolicy · Bern · 2021
Think tank proposing evidence-based AI safety policy in Switzerland and the EU.
- Simon Institute for Longterm GovernancePolicy · Geneva · 2021
Geneva think tank supporting international cooperation on frontier AI governance, including at the UN.
- SPY Lab (ETH Zurich)Research · Zurich
ETH Zurich lab on security and privacy of machine learning systems.
United Kingdom 16
- Apollo ResearchTesting · London · 2023
Evaluates AI models for deceptive behaviour and scheming; advises policymakers.
- ARENATraining · London
Bootcamp teaching ML engineering skills for technical AI alignment work.
- BlueDot ImpactTraining · London
Runs AI safety and AI governance courses and career support.
- Center on Long-Term Risk (CLR)Research · London · 2013
Research on reducing worst-case risks from advanced AI, including AI conflict.
- Centre for Long-Term Resilience (CLTR)Policy · London · 2019
UK think tank advising government on extreme risks, including AI.
- Centre for the Governance of AI (GovAI)Policy · Oxford · 2017
Research and fellowships on the governance of advanced AI.
- Centre for the Study of Existential Risk (CSER)Research · Cambridge · 2012
Cambridge University centre studying existential and global catastrophic risks, including AI.
- ConjectureResearch · London · 2022
London AI company working on controllable, bounded AI system designs.
- ControlAICampaigns · London · 2023
Campaigns for an international ban on developing artificial superintelligence.
- Cooperative AI FoundationResearch · Exeter
Charity funding research on cooperation among AI systems and with humans.
- ERA FellowshipTraining · Cambridge
Cambridge summer research fellowship on AI safety and governance.
- Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence (CFI)Research · Cambridge · 2016
Interdisciplinary Cambridge centre on the opportunities and risks of AI.
- LISA (London Initiative for Safe AI)Training · London
London office hub hosting AI safety organisations and researchers.
- Oxford Martin AI Governance Initiative (AIGI)Policy · Oxford · 2023
Oxford research programme on governing AI risks and international coordination.
- PauseAI UKCampaigns · London
UK chapter of PauseAI campaigning for an international pause on frontier AI.
- UK AI Security InstituteGovernment · London · 2023
UK government body that tests frontier AI and researches risks and mitigations.
United States 23
- Alignment Research Center (ARC)Research · Berkeley · 2021
Theoretical alignment research on explaining and eliciting AI model behaviour.
- CARMA (Center for AI Risk Management & Alignment)Policy
Think tank on AI risk management, alignment and governance.
- Center for AI Safety (CAIS)Research · San Francisco · 2022
Safety research, compute for researchers, field-building and advocacy on societal-scale AI risks.
- Center for Human-Compatible AI (CHAI)Research · Berkeley · 2016
UC Berkeley centre developing methods for provably beneficial, human-compatible AI.
- Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET)Policy · Washington, DC · 2019
Georgetown think tank on AI and emerging technology security policy.
- ConstellationTraining · Berkeley
Berkeley research centre and workspace hosting AI safety researchers and fellowships.
- EncodeCampaigns · Washington, DC
Youth-led US advocacy organisation pushing for AI safety legislation.
- Epoch AIResearch · 2022
Tracks and forecasts AI trends: compute, data, capabilities and economic impact.
- FAR.AIResearch · Berkeley
Technical AI safety research on robustness and alignment, plus events and field-building.
- Future of Life Institute (FLI)Campaigns · Campbell · 2014
Nonprofit doing grantmaking, outreach and policy advocacy on large-scale AI risks.
- GoodfireResearch · San Francisco · 2024
Public benefit company building interpretability tools to understand and steer AI models.
- Institute for AI Policy and Strategy (IAPS)Policy · Washington, DC
US nonprofit researching AI policy, compute governance and national security.
- Machine Intelligence Research Institute (MIRI)Research · Berkeley · 2000
Research and advocacy on preventing extinction risk from superintelligent AI; now mainly policy.
- MATSTraining · Berkeley · 2021
Mentored research fellowship training new AI alignment and safety researchers.
- METRTesting · Berkeley
Evaluates frontier AI models' ability to carry out long autonomous tasks.
- Palisade ResearchTesting · Berkeley · 2023
Studies dangerous AI capabilities like hacking and shutdown resistance to inform policymakers.
- PauseAI USCampaigns
Independent US 501(c)(3) running grassroots advocacy for pausing frontier AI.
- Redwood ResearchResearch · Berkeley · 2021
Research on AI control: using possibly misaligned AI systems safely.
- Resolution (formerly Timaeus)Research · Berkeley · 2023
Alignment research lab; Timaeus merged with former UK AISI alignment researchers in 2026.
- Safe AI Forum (SAIF)Policy
US nonprofit running the International Dialogues on AI Safety with Western and Chinese scientists.
- Stop AICampaigns · San Francisco
Activist group using nonviolent civil disobedience to demand a ban on AGI development.
- TransluceResearch · San Francisco · 2024
Nonprofit lab building open tools to understand and oversee AI systems.
- US Center for AI Standards and Innovation (CAISI, NIST)Government · Gaithersburg · 2023
NIST centre for AI measurement, evaluation and standards; formerly the US AISI.
Sources
Number of safety staff: Stephen McAleese, AI Safety Field Growth Analysis 2025 (2025).
Staff per company: Revelio Labs, March 2026.
Safety teams at four labs: Bloomberg and Glass.ai, 18 March 2026.