Who works on safety

Around 1,100 people worldwide work full-time on making AI safe. Six companies that build AI employ 18,657 people between them.

On safety, worldwide 1,100

At six AI companies 18,657

Each square is a hundred people.

Not everyone at those companies builds models. They also employ salespeople, lawyers and some of the safety people themselves. I leave out Meta, Microsoft, Alibaba and the other tech giants, because their AI divisions are not counted separately. Adding them would only widen the gap. The figure of 1,100 is an estimate by Stephen McAleese. The careers organisation 80,000 Hours thinks it is closer to a few thousand. According to Bloomberg and Glass.ai, 373 people work full-time on safety at OpenAI, Google DeepMind, Anthropic and xAI combined.

Where they are

10Berkeley: 10 organisations10London: 10 organisations5Paris: 5 organisations4San Francisco: 4 organisations4Brussels: 4 organisations3Beijing: 3 organisations3Cambridge: 3 organisations3Washington, DC: 3 organisationsOxford: 2 organisationsTokyo: 2 organisationsSingapore: 2 organisationsOttawa: 2 organisationsNairobi: 2 organisationsZurich: 2 organisationsCampbell: 1 organisationZeist: 1 organisationCopenhagen: 1 organisationAmsterdam: 1 organisationGaithersburg: 1 organisationSeongnam (Pangyo): 1 organisationNew Delhi: 1 organisationCanberra: 1 organisationMontreal: 1 organisationGeneva: 1 organisationBern: 1 organisationSydney: 1 organisationMelbourne: 1 organisationExeter: 1 organisationGroningen: 1 organisationLeuven: 1 organisationBerlin: 1 organisationPrague: 1 organisationToronto: 1 organisationCape Town: 1 organisationAbuja: 1 organisationBuenos Aires: 1 organisationMadrid: 1 organisationBe'er Sheva: 1 organisation

Pick a city on the map.

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By country

Argentina 1

Australia 3

  • Australian AI Safety InstituteGovernment · Canberra · 2025

    Government branch monitoring and testing advanced AI capabilities, risks and harms.

  • Good Ancestors PolicyPolicy · Melbourne

    Australian charity doing policy work on AI safety and other catastrophic risks.

  • Gradient InstituteResearch · Sydney · 2018

    Independent nonprofit doing science-based research on safe and responsible AI.

Belgium 5

  • Centre for Future Generations (CFG)Policy · Brussels

    Brussels think tank on governing emerging technologies, including advanced AI.

  • EA BelgiumTraining · Brussels

    Effective altruism community (Brussels, Ghent, Leuven) that also hosts AI safety meetups.

  • EU AI OfficeGovernment · Brussels · 2024

    European Commission body enforcing AI Act rules for general-purpose AI models.

  • KU Leuven AI Safety LabResearch · Leuven · 2026

    New FLI-funded lab on slowing the AGI race and democratic control of AI firms.

  • The Future SocietyPolicy · Brussels

    Nonprofit working on AI governance policy in the EU, US and internationally.

Brazil 1

  • AI Safety BrazilTraining

    Brazilian community covering AI safety from bias to catastrophic risk.

Canada 4

  • AI Governance & Safety Canada (AIGS)Policy · Ottawa

    Canadian nonprofit advocating for AI safety policy and public awareness.

  • Canadian AI Safety Institute (CAISI)Government · Ottawa · 2024

    Federal institute funding and coordinating research on risks of advanced AI.

  • LawZeroResearch · Montreal · 2025

    Yoshua Bengio's nonprofit building safe-by-design, non-agentic 'Scientist AI'.

  • Trajectory LabsTraining · Toronto

    Toronto hub building a local community to steer AI toward human flourishing.

China 3

Czechia 1

  • ACS Research GroupResearch · Prague

    Research group studying alignment of complex systems of humans and AI.

Denmark 1

  • Apart ResearchTraining · Copenhagen · 2022

    Runs global AI safety research sprints, hackathons and mentored research programmes.

France 5

Germany 2

India 1

  • IndiaAI Safety InstituteGovernment · New Delhi · 2025

    Hub-and-spoke institute under the IndiaAI Mission coordinating India-specific AI safety research.

International 2

Israel 1

Japan 2

Kenya 2

  • Equiano InstituteResearch · Nairobi

    Research lab on AI safety, alignment and governance for Africa and the Global South.

  • ILINA ProgramTraining · Nairobi · 2022

    African-led organisation advancing AI safety through research, policy work and fellowships.

Mexico 1

  • AI Safety MexicoTraining

    Mexican group doing AI safety research, courses and governance projects like VIGÍA.

Netherlands 3

Nigeria 1

  • AI Safety NigeriaTraining · Abuja

    Builds AI safety expertise, research and policy engagement in Nigeria.

Singapore 2

  • AI Verify FoundationPolicy · Singapore

    IMDA-backed foundation developing open-source AI testing tools and standards.

  • Singapore AI Safety InstituteGovernment · Singapore · 2024

    Singapore's AI safety institute researching evaluation and safety science.

South Africa 1

South Korea 1

  • Korea AI Safety InstituteGovernment · Seongnam (Pangyo) · 2024

    ETRI-based institute doing AI safety evaluation, policy and technical research.

Spain 1

Switzerland 4

  • AI Safety ZurichTraining · Zurich

    Zurich community running AI safety courses and events.

  • Pour DemainPolicy · Bern · 2021

    Think tank proposing evidence-based AI safety policy in Switzerland and the EU.

  • Simon Institute for Longterm GovernancePolicy · Geneva · 2021

    Geneva think tank supporting international cooperation on frontier AI governance, including at the UN.

  • SPY Lab (ETH Zurich)Research · Zurich

    ETH Zurich lab on security and privacy of machine learning systems.

United Kingdom 16

United States 23

  • Alignment Research Center (ARC)Research · Berkeley · 2021

    Theoretical alignment research on explaining and eliciting AI model behaviour.

  • CARMA (Center for AI Risk Management & Alignment)Policy

    Think tank on AI risk management, alignment and governance.

  • Center for AI Safety (CAIS)Research · San Francisco · 2022

    Safety research, compute for researchers, field-building and advocacy on societal-scale AI risks.

  • Center for Human-Compatible AI (CHAI)Research · Berkeley · 2016

    UC Berkeley centre developing methods for provably beneficial, human-compatible AI.

  • Center for Security and Emerging Technology (CSET)Policy · Washington, DC · 2019

    Georgetown think tank on AI and emerging technology security policy.

  • ConstellationTraining · Berkeley

    Berkeley research centre and workspace hosting AI safety researchers and fellowships.

  • EncodeCampaigns · Washington, DC

    Youth-led US advocacy organisation pushing for AI safety legislation.

  • Epoch AIResearch · 2022

    Tracks and forecasts AI trends: compute, data, capabilities and economic impact.

  • FAR.AIResearch · Berkeley

    Technical AI safety research on robustness and alignment, plus events and field-building.

  • Future of Life Institute (FLI)Campaigns · Campbell · 2014

    Nonprofit doing grantmaking, outreach and policy advocacy on large-scale AI risks.

  • GoodfireResearch · San Francisco · 2024

    Public benefit company building interpretability tools to understand and steer AI models.

  • Institute for AI Policy and Strategy (IAPS)Policy · Washington, DC

    US nonprofit researching AI policy, compute governance and national security.

  • Machine Intelligence Research Institute (MIRI)Research · Berkeley · 2000

    Research and advocacy on preventing extinction risk from superintelligent AI; now mainly policy.

  • MATSTraining · Berkeley · 2021

    Mentored research fellowship training new AI alignment and safety researchers.

  • METRTesting · Berkeley

    Evaluates frontier AI models' ability to carry out long autonomous tasks.

  • Palisade ResearchTesting · Berkeley · 2023

    Studies dangerous AI capabilities like hacking and shutdown resistance to inform policymakers.

  • PauseAI USCampaigns

    Independent US 501(c)(3) running grassroots advocacy for pausing frontier AI.

  • Redwood ResearchResearch · Berkeley · 2021

    Research on AI control: using possibly misaligned AI systems safely.

  • Resolution (formerly Timaeus)Research · Berkeley · 2023

    Alignment research lab; Timaeus merged with former UK AISI alignment researchers in 2026.

  • Safe AI Forum (SAIF)Policy

    US nonprofit running the International Dialogues on AI Safety with Western and Chinese scientists.

  • Stop AICampaigns · San Francisco

    Activist group using nonviolent civil disobedience to demand a ban on AGI development.

  • TransluceResearch · San Francisco · 2024

    Nonprofit lab building open tools to understand and oversee AI systems.

  • US Center for AI Standards and Innovation (CAISI, NIST)Government · Gaithersburg · 2023

    NIST centre for AI measurement, evaluation and standards; formerly the US AISI.

Sources

Number of safety staff: Stephen McAleese, AI Safety Field Growth Analysis 2025 (2025).

Staff per company: Revelio Labs, March 2026.

Safety teams at four labs: Bloomberg and Glass.ai, 18 March 2026.

80,000 Hours on the number of people working on AI risk.